Production Pipe

Introduction to Oil Well Pipe Products
1、 General Overview
Oil well pipe is an important pipeline equipment in the process of oil exploration and production. It is mainly used for drilling, oil production, water injection and other operations of oil wells. It is a key component to ensure the transmission of oil and gas from the underground to the surface equipment. Oil well pipe plays a multiple role in supporting well wall, transmitting oil and gas and controlling downhole pressure in oil and gas production. With the continuous progress of petroleum exploitation technology, the technical requirements of oil well pipe are gradually improved, which not only requires high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, but also can adapt to the severe environment such as deep well, ultra-deep well and complex geology.
The design and manufacture of well pipe shall strictly comply with international standards, such as American Petroleum Institute (API) standards, to ensure the quality and safety of the product. Oil well pipe is widely used in oilfield development, deep-water drilling, oil and gas transmission, water injection and other occasions, and is one of the infrastructures for modern oil and gas exploitation and production.
2、 Well tubing classification
Well tubing can be classified into the following types according to different use functions and environmental requirements:
Production Pipe
The production line is the core pipeline of a well that transports oil and gas from underground production to the surface. These pipes are often exposed to high temperature, high pressure and corrosive environment, so the material of production pipe needs excellent strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
Casing (casing)
Casing is used to fix the well wall of the oil well, prevent collapse of the well wall and protect the equipment in the well from the external environment. Casing has a large outside diameter and is typically installed in the outermost layers of the well to provide protection for drilling and production tubing.
Tubing (Tubing)
Tubing is installed in the casing and is usually used for the actual acquisition and transportation of oil and gas. Tubing is required to withstand downhole pressure with high strength and corrosion resistance.
Injection Pipe
Water injection pipes are used to inject water or other fluids into a well to maintain subsurface pressure and promote the flow of oil and gas. Water injection pipes are similar to production pipes, but due to their different functions, they often require specific corrosion resistance and strength.
Drill Pipe
Spear pipes are commonly used during drilling operations to connect drill bits to surface equipment and withstand pressure and impact from drill bits.
3、 Main material of oil well pipe
The material selection of oil well pipe is very important for its performance. Different materials can be adjusted according to the working environment and use requirements. Common tubing materials include:
Carbon Steel
Carbon steel is the most common material for well tubing, with high strength and processing properties. Carbon steel well tubing has a good cost performance for wells at ordinary depth, but due to its poor corrosion resistance, it requires coating or special treatment under some extreme conditions.
Alloy Steel
Alloy steel well pipe is made by adding alloy elements (such as chromium, molybdenum, nickel, etc.) to carbon steel, which has better high temperature and corrosion resistance. Alloy steel well tubing is commonly used in more complex oil and gas wells, such as high temperature, high pressure, and highly corrosive environments.
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel oil well pipe has very strong corrosion resistance, especially suitable for oil and gas wells with more corrosive substances such as sulfide and chloride. Despite its high cost, its excellent corrosion resistance makes it widely used in complex environments such as offshore oil and gas production.
Galvanized Steel Pipe
Galvanized pipe enhances its corrosion resistance by coating the steel pipe with zinc. It is applicable to ordinary oil and gas mining occasions, but not to corrosive environment.
Ceramic Coated Pipe
Ceramic coated well pipe is coated with a layer of ceramic material on the pipe surface for greater wear and corrosion resistance. This type of tubing is suitable for extreme conditions, especially in hydrocarbon environments with high sediment and solid particles.
4、 Well Tubing Performance Requirements
The design and performance of oil well pipe are directly related to the safety, production efficiency and service life of oil well operation. The following are common performance requirements for well tubing:
Withstand voltage performance
The oil well pipe needs to withstand the high pressure in the well, especially in deep or ultra-deep wells, the pressure resistance of the oil well pipe is particularly important. The wall thickness and material of the well pipe shall meet the requirements of different depth and working pressure.
Corrosion resistance
During oil and gas production, well tubing is often exposed to corrosive gases (e.g. hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide) or other corrosive liquids. Therefore, the oil well pipe shall have strong corrosion resistance to prevent leakage caused by rust or corrosion of the pipe.
Resistance to Abrasion
During oil and gas transportation, the inner wall of the well pipe may be worn by solid particles in gas or liquid. Therefore, the oil well pipe shall be provided with strong wear resistance to ensure long-term stable operation.
Tensile strength and toughness
Tubing may be subjected to high mechanical tension during production and transportation, especially when working in high depth downhole, and tubing needs to have good tensile strength and toughness to prevent fracture or deformation.
high temperature stability
Good mechanical property of oil well pipe is required to be maintained under high temperature environment, so the stability requirement under high temperature is high, especially in high temperature oil and gas well, the thermal expansion, strength change and other factors of oil well pipe shall be considered.
5、 Application of Oil Well Pipe
Well tubing is widely used in the oil and gas industry, mainly used in the following aspects:
Oil field production
Oil well pipe is one of the core components of oil field production, bearing the oil and gas acquisition and transportation tasks to ensure the normal operation of the oil well. The tubing plays an irreplaceable role in both traditional land and offshore fields.
Deep and ultra-deep well drilling
In the drilling operation of deep well or ultra-deep well, the oil well pipe needs to bear higher pressure and complex geological environment, which requires it to have stronger pressure resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance.
Offshore oil production
The exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources is related to the deep sea environment, and the application of oil well pipe in the deep sea oil field is especially important. Offshore oil well pipe shall not only prevent corrosion, but also have special properties such as antifreeze and compression resistance.
Water and Gas Injection Operations
The water injection pipe and gas injection pipe play an important role in the secondary oil recovery process of the oil field. They are used to inject fluid into the oil well to maintain the downhole pressure and promote the flow of oil and gas.
Gas Production and Gas Production
Oil well tubing is also widely used in the production and transportation of natural gas, especially in the development of gas fields, where it is used to transport natural gas and maintain downhole pressure stability.
6、 Summary of Summary
Oil well pipe is an important part in oil and gas exploitation, bearing the multiple functions of supporting well wall, oil and gas transportation, water injection, etc. With the continuous exploitation of oil and gas resources, the material, design and technology of oil well pipe are constantly updated, which requires it to have higher strength, corrosion resistance, pressure resistance and other properties. The application of modern oil well pipe is not only limited to land oil fields, but also widely used in complex environments such as deep sea, extreme temperature and high pressure, which becomes an indispensable infrastructure for global energy exploitation.